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com/landmarks/oceania-landmarks/landmarks-of-australia/”>landmarks in Europe, you’d know there are quite a few of them are here in Syria.
Syria is a land that boasts a rich cultural heritage, with landmarks that stand as testaments to its fascinating history.
Its ancient cities and ruins, such as the ones in Palmyra and Aleppo, are awe-inspiring monuments that have stood the test of time.
The iconic Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, which dates back to the 8th century, is a breathtaking example of Islamic architecture.
The majestic Krak des Chevaliers, a medieval castle that once guarded the trade route between the Mediterranean coast and the interior of Syria, is one of the most impressive fortresses in the world.
These landmarks serve as reminders of a time long past and a testament to the enduring spirit of Syria.
1. Umayyad Mosque – Damascus
The Umayyad Mosque is a grand mosque located in the old city of Damascus, Syria. It is one of the largest and oldest mosques in the world.
What to see or do: Visitors can marvel at the intricate architectural details of the mosque, including the impressive gold-topped minarets and the stunning courtyard. The mosque also houses important relics such as the head of John the Baptist.
Don’t miss: The famous Romanesque entrance, known as the Gate of Paradise, is a must-see. It is decorated with intricate mosaics and has a fascinating history.
Insider travel tips: Visitors are required to dress modestly and remove their shoes before entering the mosque. It is also recommended to visit in the early morning or late afternoon to avoid crowds and the heat.
And if you have the chance, stay until sunset to witness the beautiful evening call to prayer.
2. Krak des Chevaliers – Homs
Krak des Chevaliers is a medieval castle located in Homs, Syria.
What to see or do: Visitors can explore the extensive fortifications and impressive architecture of this UNESCO World Heritage Site. The castle’s many towers, walls, and courtyards offer a glimpse into the military and social life of the Middle Ages.
Don’t miss: The castle’s main entrance, located in the lower bailey, is a stunning example of medieval architecture.
Visitors should also check out the Great Hall, which served as the castle’s main living and social space, and the chapel, which features beautiful frescoes.
Insider travel tips: To make the most of your visit, consider hiring a local guide who can offer additional historical context and insight. Additionally, be sure to bring comfortable walking shoes, as much of the castle requires climbing stairs and exploring on foot.
3. Palmyra – Tadmur
What to see or do: Marvel at the architectural wonders of the historic site, including the Temples of Bel and Baalshamin, the Arch of Triumph, and the Roman Theatre.
Don’t miss: The Museum of Palmyra, which hosts a collection of antiquities from the site and nearby tombs.
Insider travel tips: Visit the ruins early in the morning or late in the afternoon to avoid the crowds and extreme temperatures.
It’s also a good idea to hire a local guide who can provide detailed insight into the history and significance of the site.
Travelers should also exercise caution and check for any security updates before planning their trip to this region.
4. Aleppo Citadel – Aleppo
Aleppo Citadel is a historic castle situated on top of a hill in the center of Aleppo, Syria. Built in the 13th century, it served as a fortress and a palace for several ruling dynasties.
What to see or do: Visitors can enjoy a panoramic view of the city from the top of the citadel and explore the several historical landmarks inside the complex.
The Citadel has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1986.
Don’t miss: The most notable landmark inside the citadel is the Great Mosque of Aleppo, which dates back to the 8th century and is one of the oldest mosques in Syria.
Visitors should also check out the Throne Hall, the Hammam, and the underground prison.
Insider travel tips: To avoid crowds and higher temperatures during summer, it’s recommended to visit the citadel early in the morning or late in the afternoon.
Wear comfortable shoes as there’s a lot of walking involved. Also, be prepared for security checks as it’s located in a conflict-prone area.
5. Saint Simeon’s Basilica – Aleppo
Saint Simeon’s Basilica is an ancient basilica located about 30 km outside Aleppo, Syria. It is dedicated to Saint Simeon Stylites, a 5th-century monk who lived atop a pillar for more than three decades.
What to see or do: Visitors can explore the ruins of the basilica, which was once the largest church in the world. The remains include the towering pedestal where Saint Simeon once stood as well as various chapels, baths, and other structures.
Don’t miss: The intricate stone carvings throughout the site, which showcase a blend of Byzantine, Roman and Islamic styles. The views from the hilltop location are also breathtaking.
Insider travel tips: Be sure to bring comfortable walking shoes as the site requires a fair amount of walking and climbing. Try to visit early in the day to avoid crowds, especially if traveling during peak tourist season.
6. Norias of Hama – Hama
A group of ancient waterwheels (norias) located on the Orontes River in the city of Hama, Syria.
What to see or do: Watch the norias in motion, take a stroll along the river and enjoy the traditional architecture of the area.
Don’t miss: The daily light show that takes place in the evening, illuminating the norias and creating a stunning visual display.
Insider travel tips: Visit the norias during the cooler months to avoid the crowds and heat.
Also, stop by one of the local cafes for a cup of traditional Syrian tea and enjoy the beautiful views of the river and the norias.
7. Qala’at al-Madiq – Hama
Qala’at al-Madiq is a medieval castle located on a hilltop in the town of al-Madiq, near the city of Hama, in Syria.
What to see or do: Visitors can explore the castle’s ruins and ramparts, which offer panoramic views of the surrounding countryside. The castle’s main features include a central courtyard, defensive towers, and a gatehouse.
Don’t miss: Don’t miss the chance to explore the underground tunnels and vaults that were used for storage and defense during the castle’s heyday.
Also, take a stroll through the town of al-Madiq, which has a charming old-world feel and is famous for its olive groves and gardens.
Insider travel tips: It’s best to visit Qala’at al-Madiq early in the morning or late in the afternoon when the weather is cooler. Be sure to wear comfortable walking shoes, as the terrain can be uneven.
Also, be mindful of your surroundings, as the area has been affected by the ongoing conflict in Syria.
Access to the castle may be restricted or limited at times, so it’s best to check with local authorities before your visit.
8. Hama Museum – Hama
A historical museum located in the bustling city of Hama, Syria.
What to see or do: Explore the various exhibits showcasing the rich history of the city, including artifacts from the Roman and Byzantine eras.
Don’t miss: The museum’s impressive collection of mosaics, including the famous “Mosaic of the Musicians” which depicts a group of musicians playing different instruments.
Insider travel tips: Make sure to visit early in the day to avoid crowds. Also, be sure to take some time to walk around the city and explore its lively markets and charming streets.
9. Saladin’s Castle – Latakia
Saladin’s Castle is a historic fortress located near the town of Latakia in Syria.
What to see or do: – Explore the various parts of the castle, including the towers, walls, and underground levels.
Don’t miss: – The well-preserved architectural details of the castle, such as the ancient stonework and intricate carvings.
Insider travel tips: – It’s best to visit Saladin’s Castle during the cooler season, as there is limited shade and protection from the sun.
10. Apamea – Hama
An ancient archaeological site located in Hama, Syria.
What to see or do: Explore the well-preserved ruins of the city, including the Great Colonnade, the Roman theater, and the Roman baths.
Don’t miss: The view from the top of the colonnade, which provides a stunning panorama of the surrounding landscape.
Insider travel tips: Visit in the early morning or late afternoon to avoid the crowds and the heat. Wear comfortable shoes as the site is quite large and requires a bit of walking.
Consider hiring a guide for a more in-depth understanding of the site’s history.
11. Deir ez-Zor Suspension Bridge – Deir ez-Zor
The Deir ez-Zor Suspension Bridge is a historic landmark that spans the Euphrates river in Deir ez-Zor, Syria.
What to see or do: The suspension bridge offers stunning views of the surrounding landscape and the river below. Visitors can walk across the bridge and admire the intricate design and architecture.
Don’t miss: Don’t miss the chance to take photographs of the bridge and the area around it, which is rich in history.
Insider travel tips: If you are visiting in the summer, it can get very hot, so make sure to bring plenty of water with you.
Also, be aware of your surroundings and follow local guidance as the area has experienced conflict in recent years.
12. Mount Qasioun – Damascus
A mountain located in the western suburbs of Damascus, Syria.
What to see or do: Drive up to the mountain’s peak to get a stunning panoramic view of Damascus and its surroundings. You can also visit the several restaurants and cafes located on the mountain’s slope.
Don’t miss: The sunset view from the mountain top is breathtaking and definitely a must-see attraction.
Insider travel tips: It’s recommended to visit during the weekdays to avoid crowds, especially during the weekends. Additionally, be sure to wear comfortable shoes as there are steep paths leading up to the mountain top.
Lastly, be aware that the road to the mountain may be closed during bad weather conditions.
13. Azm Palace Museum – Damascus
A historic palace-turned-museum that showcases traditional Syrian architecture and design.
What to see or do: Admire the intricate details of the palace’s interiors, including its hand-painted wooden ceilings, ornate tilework, and courtyard gardens. Explore the various exhibit halls that showcase Syrian art, archeology, and culture.
Don’t miss: The palace’s stunning main hall, which features a 40-meter-long fresco depicting life in pre-modern Damascus. Also, be sure to visit the museum’s gift shop, where you can purchase traditional Syrian handicrafts and souvenirs.
Insider travel tips: Be sure to dress modestly when visiting the museum, as it is a conservative area.
Additionally, it’s best to visit early in the day to beat the crowds, and to hire a local guide to get the most out of your experience.
Finally, be prepared for some walking, as the palace has multiple levels and no elevators.
14. Al-Madrasa al-Jaqmaqiyya – Aleppo
A historic religious school located in Aleppo, Syria.
What to see or do: Visitors can explore the beautiful architecture of the building, including the intricate carvings and detailed mosaics.
Don’t miss: The impressive courtyard, which is surrounded by ornately decorated arcades and features a large fountain in the center.
Insider travel tips: Be sure to bring a camera to capture the stunning details of the mosaics and other decorative elements. It’s also a good idea to wear comfortable shoes as there is a lot of walking involved.
Additionally, try to visit early in the day to avoid crowds and see the building in the best light.
15. Darwishiyya Mosque – Aleppo
Darwishiyya Mosque is a historic shrine located in the heart of Aleppo, Syria.
The mosque dates back to the 13th century and is considered one of the most important Islamic landmarks in the city.
What to see or do: Visitors can explore the beautiful Islamic architecture of the mosque, with its intricate decorations and stunning calligraphy. The mosque’s central courtyard is surrounded by impressive arches and domes, creating a serene and peaceful atmosphere.
Don’t miss: Be sure to check out the mosque’s impressive mihrab, a decorated niche in the wall that indicates the direction of Mecca and is used during prayers.
The mosque also features a large prayer hall, which can accommodate hundreds of worshippers at once.
Insider travel tips: – Visitors should be appropriately dressed when visiting the mosque, as it is a place of worship.
16. Al-Adiliyah Mosque – Aleppo
Al-Adiliyah Mosque, also known as Al-Adiliyah Madrasa, is a historic mosque located in the city of Aleppo, Syria.
What to see or do: The mosque boasts stunning Islamic architecture and beautiful interiors, such as its intricate geometric designs and detailed calligraphy. Visitors can also admire the historic minaret and take in the peaceful atmosphere of the courtyard.
Don’t miss: Don’t miss the opportunity to see the mosque’s beautiful wooden mausoleum, which was added in the 13th century and is still preserved in pristine condition.
Insider travel tips: It’s best to visit the mosque in the morning when the light illuminates its interior the most. Additionally, be sure to dress appropriately and remove your shoes before entering the mosque.
17. Al-Shibani Church – Aleppo
Al-Shibani Church is a historic church located in the ancient city of Aleppo, Syria.
What to see or do: Visitors can admire the beautiful architecture and intricate details of the church’s façade, which includes ornate stone carvings and a towering bell tower.
Inside, visitors can explore the church’s interior and discover its stunning frescoes and religious artifacts.
Don’t miss: Be sure to take a close look at the church’s unique stone bas-reliefs, which depict scenes from the life of Jesus Christ.
Don’t forget to also climb the bell tower for panoramic views of Aleppo’s old city.
Insider travel tips: Plan to visit the church early in the morning or late in the day to avoid the crowds. Keep in mind that this is a religious site, so be respectful of local customs and dress conservatively.
It’s also a good idea to hire a local guide to enhance your visit and gain valuable insights into the history and significance of the church.
18. Halabiye Citadel – Deir ez-Zor
Halabiye Citadel is an ancient fortress located in the eastern part of Syria, near the city of Deir ez-Zor.
What to see or do: Visitors can explore the impressive ruins of the citadel, which dates back to the early Roman period. The site is surrounded by beautiful scenery, including the Euphrates River, which flows nearby.
Don’t miss: The well-preserved Roman Theater, which can be found within the citadel complex.
It is believed to be one of the oldest Roman theaters in the world and is still used for theatrical performances and concerts.
Insider travel tips: It is recommended to visit Halabiye Citadel during the cooler months of the year, between October and April.
Visitors should also be aware of the current political situation in Syria and any potential safety concerns before traveling to the area.
19. Nur al-Din Bimaristan – Damascus
A historic hospital and medical school complex in the heart of Damascus, Syria.
What to see or do: Marvel at the stunning architecture of the Nur al-Din Bimaristan and explore the intricately decorated rooms and courtyards.
Learn about the history of medicine in the Middle East at the on-site museum, which displays various medical instruments and artifacts.
Don’t miss: The impressive central fountain in the main courtyard, adorned with intricate mosaics and designs. Also be sure to check out the ornate wooden ceiling in the al-Malikiyya Chamber.
Insider travel tips: Visit early in the morning to avoid crowds and get the best lighting for photos. Don’t forget to bring water and wear comfortable shoes for walking around the complex.
20. Khan As’ad Pasha – Aleppo
An iconic Ottoman-era palace located in the heart of Aleppo’s Old City.
What to see or do: Marvel at the palace’s intricate architecture, which blends Ottoman and Syrian styles. Check out the large inner courtyard with its stunning marble fountain and intricately decorated walls.
The palace also includes a small museum where you can learn more about Aleppo’s history.
Don’t miss: Taking a stroll through the adjacent souk, which is one of the largest and oldest covered markets in the Middle East.
Insider travel tips: To avoid the crowds, try visiting in the morning or early afternoon.
If you’re interested in learning more about the palace’s history, hire a local guide who can give you a more in-depth tour.
And be sure to bring a camera – the palace’s intricate details and ornate design make for great photo opportunities.
21. Roman Theater – Bosra
The Roman Theater is an impressive archeological site located in the city of Bosra, in southwestern Syria.
What to see or do: Visitors can explore the well-preserved ancient theater built during the Roman Empire era. The theater can hold up to 15,000 spectators and includes a triple-arched entrance, a large stage, and seating tiers.
Don’t miss: Don’t miss the opportunity to see the acoustics of the theater. Visitors can drop a pin or a coin and the sound will be heard perfectly throughout the whole theater.
Insider travel tips: Try to visit early in the morning, and avoid the hottest hours of the day.
It’s best to pair a visit to the theater with a guided tour of the nearby ruins of Bosra, including the Great Mosque and the Citadel.
22. Temple of Bel – Palmyra
The Temple of Bel, also known as the Temple of Baal, was an ancient temple located in the city of Palmyra in Syria.
It was dedicated to the god Bel/Melqart and was considered one of the most important religious buildings of the ancient world.
What to see or do: Visitors can explore the temple complex, which includes the main temple building, a large courtyard area, and smaller side buildings. The temple’s impressive entrance features a monumental archway that towers over 21 meters high.
Inside, visitors can see the remnants of the temple’s intricate carvings and architectural features.
Don’t miss: Don’t miss the temple’s central altar, which stood at the heart of the complex and was dedicated to Melqart, the Phoenician god of fertility, war, and commerce.
Also, be sure to check out the temple’s stunning acoustics, which were designed to amplify the sounds of religious ceremonies held inside.
Insider travel tips: Visit the temple early in the morning to beat the crowds and enjoy the best lighting conditions.
23. Al-Nuri Mosque – Aleppo
The Al-Nuri Mosque is an important historical and religious site located in the old city of Aleppo, Syria. It was built in the 12th century AD and was named after the ruler who commissioned its construction, Nureddin Zengi.
What to see or do: Visitors to the Al-Nuri Mosque can explore its impressive architecture and design features, including the intricate façade and the beautiful minbar, or pulpit.
The mosque also features a stunning courtyard and a large prayer hall that can accommodate over 1,000 worshippers.
Don’t miss: One of the most iconic features of the Al-Nuri Mosque was its leaning minaret, which was nicknamed the “Hunchback” due to its distinctive tilt.
Unfortunately, the minaret was destroyed in 2013 during the Syrian Civil War.
Insider travel tips: While the Al-Nuri Mosque is not currently open to visitors due to damage sustained during the Syrian Civil War, there are still many historical and cultural sites worth exploring in the old city of Aleppo.
Visitors should also be aware of the ongoing conflict in Syria and take appropriate safety precautions if traveling to the region.
24. Al-Qaiqan Mosque – Aleppo
Al-Qaiqan Mosque is a historic Islamic site located in the ancient city of Aleppo, Syria.
What to see or do: Visitors are awed by the beautiful architecture and intricate design of the mosque, especially the mihrab and minaret. The interior of the mosque is designed with geometrical patterns of various colors.
Don’t miss: Don’t miss the chance to climb the minaret and witness the panoramic view of Aleppo.
Insider travel tips: It is best to visit the mosque during the early mornings or afternoons to avoid large crowds. It is recommended to dress modestly and remove shoes before entering the mosque.
25. Sayyida Zeinab Mosque – Damascus
Sayyida Zeinab Mosque is an important religious site for Shia Muslims and one of the largest mosques in Syria, located in the southern suburbs of Damascus.
What to see or do: Visitors can explore the mosque’s beautiful architecture and interior decoration, which includes intricate tile work, gold-plated domes, and ornate Islamic calligraphy.
The mosque also houses the tomb of Sayyida Zeinab, the granddaughter of the Prophet Muhammad.
Don’t miss: Don’t miss the chance to observe the daily prayers and rituals that take place within the mosque’s walls, which provide a fascinating insight into Shia Islamic culture and tradition.
Insider travel tips: – Visitors are required to dress modestly and remove their shoes before entering the mosque.
26. Umran Mosque – Damascus
Umran Mosque is a historic mosque located in the Bab Sharqi district of Damascus, Syria.
What to see or do: Visitors can admire the mosque’s beautiful architecture and intricate decoration, which dates back to the 12th century. The mosque has a large prayer hall, a courtyard, and a beautiful minaret with seven floors.
Don’t miss: Be sure to check out the unique shape of the minaret, which tapers off slightly towards the top, giving it a distinct appearance.
Visitors should also take time to appreciate the colorful mosaic patterns on the walls and ceilings inside the mosque.
Insider travel tips: Visitors should dress conservatively when visiting the mosque, covering their arms and legs. It’s also recommended to remove shoes before entering.
The mosque can get crowded during peak prayer times, so plan accordingly.
27. Azm Palace – Hama
Azm Palace is a stunning example of the traditional Syrian architecture from the Ottoman era.
What to see or do: Explore the palace’s impressive courtyards, intricate designs, and beautiful gardens. Admire the exquisite mosaics, frescoes, and wood carvings.
Learn about the history of the palace and its significance to Syrian culture.
Don’t miss: Make sure to visit the palace’s main hall, which was used for official ceremonies and gatherings. Marvel at the stunning decorations and grandeur of the space.
Insider travel tips: Don’t forget to bring a camera as the palace provides plenty of photo opportunities. Wear comfortable shoes as the palace is spread over a large area and there’s a lot of walking.
Consider hiring a local guide to get an in-depth understanding of the history and culture behind the palace.
28. Al-Otrush Mosque – Hama
A historic mosque located in the city of Hama, Syria.
What to see or do: Visitors can admire the stunning architectural designs of the mosque, including the ornate minaret and decorative walls. Inside, there is a beautiful prayer hall with intricate patterns and calligraphic inscriptions.
Don’t miss: Make sure to explore the peaceful courtyard of the mosque, which offers a serene atmosphere for relaxation and reflection.
Insider travel tips: While visiting the mosque, be sure to dress modestly and remove your shoes before entering. It’s also recommended to visit during non-prayer times and to respect the mosque’s religious significance to the local community.
29. Al-Majd Mosque – Latakia
Al-Majd Mosque is a prominent Islamic religious site located in the city of Latakia, Syria.
What to see or do: The mosque’s impressive architecture features a towering minaret that can be seen from afar and intricate decorative details throughout the building’s interior.
Visitors can take a guided tour of the mosque to learn about its history and cultural significance.
Don’t miss: The stunning view of the Mediterranean Sea from the mosque’s courtyard is not to be missed. Sunset is a particularly beautiful time to appreciate the picturesque surroundings.
Insider travel tips: Visitors should be respectful and dress modestly when visiting the mosque. It’s also recommended to arrive early in the morning or later in the day to avoid the midday heat.
30. Souq Al-Hamidiyya – Damascus
Souq Al-Hamidiyya is a bustling market in the heart of Damascus, Syria, dating back to the Ottoman era.
What to see or do: Take a stroll through the narrow alleyways and admire the stunning architecture of the market. Enjoy the vibrant atmosphere filled with the sounds of vendors haggling and the aroma of exotic spices and sweets.
Pick up traditional souvenirs, clothing, and accessories at affordable prices.
Don’t miss: Visit the famous Nofara Café, a popular spot for locals and tourists alike, and indulge in delicious Syrian pastries and coffee.
Stop by Khan Asad Pasha, a stunning caravanserai, to witness the intricate stonework and architecture of ancient Syria.
Insider travel tips: Get lost in the market and explore the hidden gems tucked away in the winding alleys. Be sure to bargain with vendors to get the best deals on authentic souvenirs.
Avoid visiting during peak hours to fully experience the charm of the market without the crowds.