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There are an array of landmarks in Europe to see, with Turkey sharing quite a few of those!
Turkey is a land full of enchanting gems with unparalleled historical and cultural significance.
From the majestic Hagia Sophia, a magnificent triumph of Byzantine architecture, to the fairy chimneys of Cappadocia, a surreal landscape of volcanic rocks, Turkey’s landmarks are a testament to the country’s vibrant history and unmatched natural beauty.
Each landmark holds a unique story and represents a different facet of Turkish culture, making it a must-visit destination for any traveler seeking an immersive and captivating experience.
1. Hagia Sophia Mosque – Istanbul
A former Christian church, turned mosque and now a museum, Hagia Sophia is considered one of the most significant historical and architectural landmarks of Istanbul.
What to see or do: Admire the impressive dome and mosaics of the main prayer hall, marvel at the intricate decorations and calligraphy, and explore the galleries and smaller chapels.
Don’t miss: The mysterious weeping column, the ornate marble door, the beautiful mihrab (prayer niche), and the old Viking graffiti on the upper gallery.
Insider travel tips: – Visit early in the morning to avoid crowds and heat.
2. Blue Mosque – Istanbul
The Blue Mosque, also known as Sultan Ahmed Mosque, is a historic mosque located in Istanbul, Turkey. It was built in the early 17th century during the reign of Sultan Ahmed I.
What to see or do: Admire the stunning architecture of the mosque, with its six minarets and cascading domes. The interior is decorated with intricate tile work and beautiful stained glass windows.
Visitors can also observe the daily prayers and learn about the history of the mosque and Islam in Turkey.
Don’t miss: The opportunity to see the mosque at night, when it is lit up and reflects off the surrounding water. The mosque is also surrounded by a beautiful garden, perfect for a peaceful stroll.
Insider travel tips: Visitors are required to dress modestly and remove their shoes before entering the mosque. Plan to arrive early in the day to avoid crowds and be respectful of worshippers during prayer times.
3. Topkapi Palace – Istanbul
Topkapi Palace is a grand Ottoman-era complex located in the heart of Istanbul, Turkey.
What to see or do: – Explore the palace grounds and admire the stunning architecture, intricate tile work, and colorful gardens.
Don’t miss: – The breathtaking views of the Bosphorus Strait from the palace’s courtyards.
Insider travel tips: – Avoid the crowds by visiting early in the morning or late in the afternoon.
4. Grand Bazaar – Istanbul
One of the oldest and largest covered markets in the world, with over 4,000 shops selling everything from spices and textiles to jewelry and ceramics.
What to see or do: Get lost in the maze of streets and alleys, haggling with vendors and admiring the colorful goods on display. Take a break at one of the many cafes or restaurants and sample some traditional Turkish delights.
Don’t miss: The intricately designed and decorated Turkish lamps and the colorful ceramics, known as Iznik pottery.
Insider travel tips: Bargain hard and don’t be afraid to walk away from a deal if you feel it’s too expensive. Look out for the small workshops hidden within the bazaar, where you can see artisans at work crafting their wares.
And try to visit in the morning when it’s less crowded.
5. Pamukkale – Denizli
Pamukkale is a natural wonder located in Denizli, Turkey, featuring terraced pools filled with mineral-rich thermal waters.
What to see or do: Visit the terraced pools, known as the Cotton Castle, and take a dip in the warm waters.
Explore the ancient city of Hierapolis, located on top of the terraces, and see the well-preserved ruins of a Roman spa.
Don’t miss: Watching the sunset over the white terraces and the surrounding countryside. Visiting the nearby Cleopatra’s Pool, where you can swim amongst submerged ruins dating back to the Roman era.
Insider travel tips: Bring a pair of water shoes or sandals to wear in the pools, as the terraces can be slippery. Consider visiting in the shoulder season (April/May or September/October) to avoid crowds and enjoy cooler temperatures.
Bring a camera to capture the stunning views from the top of the terraces.
6. Cappadocia – Nevşehir
A historical region in Central Anatolia, known for its unique natural landscape with fairy chimneys, underground cities, and cave dwellings.
What to see or do: Take a hot air balloon ride to see the stunning landscape from above, explore the underground cities of Derinkuyu and Kaymaklı, visit the Göreme Open Air Museum to see cave churches and frescoes, hike through the Rose Valley, and indulge in traditional Turkish cuisine.
Don’t miss: The hot air balloon ride early in the morning, the panoramic views from Uçhisar Castle, and the mesmerizing sunset views from Kizilcukur.
Insider travel tips: Visit in the shoulder seasons of spring and autumn to avoid the crowds and enjoy pleasant weather, stay in a cave hotel to fully experience the unique landscape, and try the local pottery workshops to learn about the region’s cultural heritage.
7. Ephesus – Izmir
Ephesus is an ancient city located near the modern-day city of Selcuk in Izmir Province, Turkey.
What to see or do: Visitors can explore the well-preserved ruins of ancient Ephesus, including the Celsus Library, the Great Theatre, the Temple of Hadrian, and the Terrace Houses.
The Ephesus Archaeological Museum is also worth a visit to see artifacts from Ephesus and other nearby ancient cities.
Don’t miss: The Library of Celsus is a must-see attraction within Ephesus. Its grand architecture and imposing facade make it a favorite spot for photos.
Also, don’t miss the Terrace Houses, a newly opened section of Ephesus where you can see more detailed and intricate mosaics and frescoes.
Insider travel tips: It’s best to plan your visit to Ephesus early in the morning or late in the afternoon to avoid the crowds and the heat.
Be sure to wear comfortable shoes as there is a lot of walking on uneven ground. Finally, consider hiring a guide or joining a tour to get a more informative and detailed experience.
8. Aspendos Theatre – Antalya
Aspendos Theatre is an ancient Roman amphitheatre located in the city of Antalya, Turkey.
What to see or do: Visit this well-preserved theatre to witness its grandeur and understand its historical significance. The theatre is famous for its incredible acoustics and can seat around 12,000 people.
Don’t miss: Make sure to see the famous stage building with its three-storey facade and the surrounding beautiful scenery.
Insider travel tips: – The best time to visit Aspendos Theatre is during the summer months when the annual Aspendos International Opera and Ballet Festival takes place.
9. Mount Nemrut – Adiyaman
Mount Nemrut is a UNESCO World Heritage site located in Adiyaman, Turkey, known for its impressive 1st-century BC statues and reliefs.
What to see or do: Visitors can hike up to the mountaintop sanctuary to witness the stunning sunrise and view the giant stone heads of gods and kings.
Don’t miss: The iconic statues of Apollo, Zeus, Hercules, and several ancient Armenian kings are the main highlights of the site.
Insider travel tips: Be prepared for a steep climb to reach the summit. It’s recommended to wear comfortable shoes and warm clothing as temperatures can be cool at the top.
Additionally, hiring a guide can help enhance the experience and provide historical context to the site.
10. Bodrum Castle – Bodrum
Bodrum Castle, also known as the Castle of St. Peter, is a medieval castle and one of the most well-known landmarks in Bodrum, Turkey.
It was built in the 15th century by the Knights Hospitaller.
What to see or do: Explore the castle to see its various towers, dungeons, and passageways. The castle also houses several museums, including the Museum of Underwater Archaeology and the Bodrum Maritime Museum.
Be sure to visit the Chapel of St. John and take in the panoramic views of Bodrum and the Aegean Sea from the castle walls.
Don’t miss: The highlight of Bodrum Castle is the Museum of Underwater Archaeology, which showcases artifacts and exhibits from ancient shipwrecks in the Aegean Sea.
Don’t miss the glass-bottomed boat in the museum courtyard that allows visitors to see the remains of a shipwreck underwater.
Insider travel tips: Visit the castle early in the morning or in the late afternoon to avoid large crowds and the heat. Wear comfortable shoes as there are many steps and uneven surfaces throughout the castle.
Don’t forget to bring your camera to capture the stunning views of the sea and the castle.
11. Hierapolis – Denizli
Ancient city and hot springs located in Denizli, Turkey.
What to see or do: – Visit the ancient ruins and learn about the fascinating history of Hierapolis.
Don’t miss: – The opportunity to bathe in the therapeutic waters of the hot springs, which are believed to have healing properties for various ailments.
Insider travel tips: – Arrive early in the morning to avoid the heat and crowds.
12. Sumela Monastery – Trabzon
Sumela Monastery is a Greek Orthodox monastery located in the Macka district of Trabzon, Turkey. It is a popular tourist destination and one of the most important landmarks in the region.
What to see or do: Visitors can explore the breathtakingly beautiful monastery with its ancient buildings, charming frescoes and stunning views of the valley below.
Don’t miss: The most striking features of Sumela Monastery are the historic rock church and the monumental gatehouse. Also, make sure to visit the natural spring gushing out from the rock formation.
Insider travel tips:
13. Mardin Old City – Mardin
Mardin Old City is a historic part of Mardin city in southeastern Turkey, situated on a hill overlooking the Mesopotamian plain.
It is known for its well-preserved sandstone architecture and historic religious sites.
What to see or do: -Explore the narrow, winding streets and alleys of the old city, lined with ancient stone houses and historic buildings.
Don’t miss: -Sampling traditional Mardin cuisine, which is a delicious blend of Turkish, Kurdish and Arabic flavors, with specialties like stuffed lamb, sweet sesame bread, and cumin-spiced chickpea soup.
Insider travel tips: -Wear comfortable shoes and be prepared for lots of walking on steep, uneven streets and stairs.
14. Ishak Pasha Palace – Ağrı
Ishak Pasha Palace is a stunning 18th-century palace situated on a hilltop overlooking Ağrı.
What to see or do: Visitors can marvel at the beautiful Ottoman architecture and intricate details of the palace. Don’t miss the impressive courtyard, reception hall, and mosque.
Don’t miss: The views of the surrounding mountains and valleys are breathtaking from the palace. Make sure to also check out the small museum featuring artifacts from the region’s history.
Insider travel tips: Wear comfortable shoes as there are many stairs and uneven surfaces to navigate. Visit in the early morning or late afternoon for the best light and fewer crowds.
Be respectful of the mosque and remove your shoes before entering.
15. Dolmabahçe Palace – Istanbul
Dolmabahçe Palace is an opulent 19th-century palace in Istanbul, Turkey that was once home to the Ottoman sultans.
What to see or do: Visitors can tour the palace’s many lavish rooms and halls, which are adorned with ornate chandeliers, gold leaf ceilings, and intricate frescoes.
The palace also houses a vast collection of European and Ottoman art, furniture, and decorations.
Don’t miss: Don’t miss the palace’s grand Ceremonial Hall, which features the world’s largest Bohemian crystal chandelier. The stunning view of the Bosphorus from the palace’s gardens is also not to be missed.
Insider travel tips: Plan ahead and book tickets for a guided tour to avoid long wait times. Photography is not allowed inside the palace, so opt for a postcard instead.
Wear comfortable shoes, as the palace’s tour can be lengthy and involves walking and standing.
16. Safranbolu – Karabük
Safranbolu is a historic town located in the Karabük province of Turkey.
What to see or do: Visitors can stroll through the winding streets of the historic district, which is lined with Ottoman-era buildings and traditional Turkish houses.
Some of the most popular sights include the Cinci Han, Hidirlik Hill, and the historic bazaar area. Safranbolu is also known for its traditional Turkish sweets, including baklava and lokum.
Don’t miss: The Kaymakamlar Museum, which is housed in a former Ottoman mansion. It features exhibits on traditional Turkish life, including clothing, ceramics, and household items.
The Safranbolu City Museum is also worth a visit, with exhibits on the town’s rich history and culture.
Insider travel tips: Try to visit Safranbolu during the off-season to avoid the crowds. Wear comfortable walking shoes, as the historic district is best explored on foot.
Sample some of the local cuisine, including Kofte (meatballs) and Sulu Köfte (meatballs in a light tomato sauce). And don’t forget to pick up some handcrafted souvenirs, such as pottery and textiles, to take home with you.
17. Anıtkabir – Ankara
The mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder and first President of Turkey.
What to see or do: Observe the grandeur of the mausoleum and its surrounding complex, including the Peace Park, Independence Tower, and the War of Independence Museum.
Don’t miss: The ceremonial changing of the guards, which takes place every hour on the hour.
Insider travel tips: Dress appropriately and respectfully, as this is a place of great national importance and reverence.
Also, plan to spend some time exploring the adjacent park and museum, which offer fascinating insights into Turkey’s history and culture.
18. Basilica Cistern – Istanbul
An underground Byzantine cistern located in the heart of Istanbul.
What to see or do: Marvel at the impressive rows of columns supporting the cavernous ceilings, look out for the carved Medusa heads at the base of two columns, and take a boat ride through the dimly lit waters.
Don’t miss: The romantic atmosphere of the cistern, which is usually accompanied by soft classical music and dim lighting.
Insider travel tips: Arrive early in the morning to avoid crowds and wear comfortable shoes as the pathways can be slippery.
19. Maiden’s Tower – Istanbul
A historical tower situated on a small islet off the coast of Üsküdar in Istanbul.
What to see or do: Admire the panoramic views of the city and the Bosphorus from the tower’s observation deck. Enjoy a cup of Turkish tea or coffee at the tower’s café.
Don’t miss: The tower’s centuries-old history, which includes serving as a lighthouse, a defense tower, and a quarantine station.
Insider travel tips: Visit the tower at sunset for stunning views and a romantic atmosphere. The tower also hosts special events, such as concerts and exhibitions, throughout the year.
20. Kaputas Beach – Antalya
Kaputas Beach is a crescent-shaped beach located in Antalya, Turkey.
What to see or do: This stunning beach is surrounded by steep cliffs and crystal-clear turquoise waters, making it the perfect spot for swimming, sunbathing, and relaxing.
Visitors can also enjoy snorkeling and diving in the area.
Don’t miss: Be sure to take in the breathtaking views of the surrounding cliffs and explore the nearby caves.
Insider travel tips: The beach can get crowded during peak season, so arrive early to secure a good spot. Be prepared for a steep climb down to the beach, as there are over 180 steps.
It’s also a good idea to bring your own food and drinks, as there are limited facilities available on the beach.
21. House of Virgin Mary – Izmir
House of Virgin Mary is a holy pilgrimage site for Christians located on the top of the Bülbül Mountain, near the ancient city of Ephesus in Turkey.
What to see or do: Take a tour of the house and see the room where Virgin Mary is believed to have lived her final years.
You can also visit the chapel, the garden, and the wishing wall where people leave prayers and wishes.
Don’t miss: The opportunity to drink from the holy spring located in the garden, which is said to have healing powers. You can also purchase holy water and rosaries from the souvenir shop at the site.
Insider travel tips: – The best time to visit is in the morning to avoid crowds and the heat.
22. Galata Tower – Istanbul
Galata Tower is a medieval stone tower located in the heart of Istanbul’s Beyoglu district.
What to see or do: Visitors can climb the tower to reach the observation deck, which offers panoramic views of the city and its iconic landmarks.
There is also a restaurant on the top floor, where you can enjoy a meal while taking in the stunning views.
Don’t miss: Make sure to visit the tower at dusk, when the city is bathed in a beautiful golden light. Also, check out the exhibitions and concerts that are held in the tower’s exhibition hall throughout the year.
Insider travel tips: Avoid the long lines by purchasing your tickets online in advance. If you’re looking for a romantic evening, book a table at the restaurant in advance and request a window seat.
Finally, wear comfortable shoes as there are several flights of stairs to climb to reach the top of the tower.
23. Damlataş Cave – Alanya
Natural limestone cave located in the heart of Alanya, Turkey.
What to see or do: Explore the dazzling formations of stalactites and stalagmites in the illuminated cave interior. Learn about the cave’s history and geological significance through informative panels around the cave.
Don’t miss: The unique microclimate inside the cave that is believed to be a natural treatment for asthma and allergies. Take a deep breath and experience the healing powers of this ancient cave firsthand.
Insider travel tips: The temperature inside the cave can be cooler than the outside, so bring a light jacket or sweater. Also, wear comfortable walking shoes to navigate the slightly uneven cave floor.
Be sure to bring your camera as photography is allowed. Finally, visit early in the morning to avoid the crowds and get the best experience.
24. Şerefiye Cistern – Istanbul
Şerefiye Cistern is an underground water reservoir that was built in the 16th century by the Ottoman architect Sinan.
What to see or do: Visitors can walk through the dimly lit and atmospheric interior of the cistern, admiring the architecture and the intricate brickwork.
Don’t miss: Be sure to keep an eye out for the decorative carvings in the cistern, which include floral and geometric patterns.
Insider travel tips: To fully appreciate the beauty of the Şerefiye Cistern, it is recommended to visit during off-peak hours when it is less crowded.
Also, wear comfortable footwear as the ground can be slippery inside the cistern.
25. Troy – Çanakkale
Ancient city in northwest Turkey, famous for the Trojan War.
What to see or do: Explore the archaeological site and imagine the legendary battles that took place here thousands of years ago. Admire the reconstructed Trojan Horse, visit the museum to see artifacts from the excavations, and stroll through the ancient ruins.
Don’t miss: The Odeon, a small theater that was used for concerts and meetings, and the Temple of Athena, which offers panoramic views of the site.
Insider travel tips: Wear comfortable shoes and bring water, as the site is quite extensive and there are many stairs to climb. Visit early in the morning or late in the afternoon to avoid the crowds and the heat.
Don’t forget to take a photo with the Trojan Horse!
26. Konyaalti Beach – Antalya
Konyaalti Beach is a long stretch of pebbly beach on the western coast of Antalya, Turkey.
What to see or do: Sunbathe, swim, and enjoy water sports activities like jet-skiing, parasailing, and banana boat riding. There is also a nearby aquarium and a mini city park with a playground.
Don’t miss: Witnessing the stunning view of the Beydaglari Mountains in the background, especially during sunset.
Insider travel tips: – Bring your own towels, as renting one can be expensive on the beach.
27. Olympos – Antalya
Olympos is an ancient city located on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey, near the city of Antalya.
What to see or do: Visit the ruins of the ancient city of Olympos, including the amphitheater, Roman baths, and temple of Hephaestus.
Take a hike through the nearby Olympos National Park, with its stunning mountain and sea views, or relax on the idyllic Olympos beach.
Don’t miss: Climb to the top of the hill overlooking the ruins and watch the sunset over the Mediterranean. Explore the nearby Chimera Flames, natural gas vents that have been burning for thousands of years.
Insider travel tips: Visit in the spring or early fall to avoid the crowds. Stay in one of the treehouse accommodations in the nearby village of Çıralı for a unique and charming experience.
Bring plenty of water and sunscreen, as the area can be hot and dry.
28. Selimiye Mosque – Edirne
Selimiye Mosque is a historic mosque located in Edirne, Turkey.
It was built during the Ottoman period in the 16th century and is considered as one of the greatest masterpieces of Ottoman architecture.
What to see or do: Visitors can admire the impressive architecture of the mosque, which features intricate tilework, calligraphy, and elegant dome structures.
The mosque has a large central dome that is surrounded by smaller domes, and the interior is beautifully decorated with marble and gold accents.
Don’t miss: Be sure to take a close look at the intricate calligraphy decorating the walls of the mosque, which is considered as one of the finest examples of Ottoman calligraphy.
Also, don’t miss the chance to climb the minaret of the mosque for stunning panoramic views of the surrounding city.
Insider travel tips: Visitors should be respectful while visiting the mosque and dress modestly. Women should cover their heads with a scarf, and both men and women should avoid wearing shorts and sleeveless tops.
It’s also best to visit early in the morning to avoid crowds and have a more peaceful experience.
29. Kariye Museum – Istanbul
A museum located in the former Chora Church, displaying Byzantine mosaics and frescoes.
What to see or do: Marvel at the breathtaking mosaics and frescoes from the 14th century depicting scenes from the life of Jesus and Mary.
Don’t miss: The majestic mosaic of the Virgin Mary with the infant Jesus in the apse, considered one of the greatest works of Byzantine art.
Insider travel tips: Visit early in the morning or later in the afternoon to avoid crowds. Take some time to explore the beautiful garden outside the museum and enjoy the stunning views of Istanbul.
30. Derinkuyu Underground City – Nevşehir
Derinkuyu Underground City is a breathtaking and awe-inspiring subterranean city located in Nevşehir, Turkey.
The city was carved out of soft volcanic rock more than 2000 years ago and is believed to have been inhabited by up to 20,000 people at its peak.
What to see or do: Explore the fascinating underground tunnels, caves, and chambers of Derinkuyu Underground City while learning about the fascinating history of the site.
Marvel at the incredible engineering feats achieved by the ancient inhabitants who created this vast underground network.
Don’t miss: Don’t miss the impressive ventilation system of the city that still functions today, bringing fresh air to even the deepest parts of the underground labyrinth.
Also, be sure to check out the multiple levels of the city, which feature everything from chapels and stables to storage rooms and living quarters.
Insider travel tips: – Wear comfortable shoes, as there are many stairs and uneven surfaces to navigate throughout the underground city.
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